云南及周边地区野菜和野果资源

本文是根据“云南及周边地区生物资源调查”项目的系统调查结果汇总的。云南及周边地区野菜和野果资源,指的是该地区栽培蔬菜、果树及其野生近缘植物之外的可食的野菜和野果。云南及周边地区是多个少数民族聚居区,各少数民族都有采食野菜和野果的习俗,并且在长期采食野菜和野果中,积累了丰富的食用方法。本文介绍云南及周边地区的野菜和野果,旨在为深入研究和开发利用这些资源,并为国家制定野生植物保护有关政策提供基础数据和信息。     

中国南瓜海南农家品种间的遗传特异性分析和DNA指纹图谱构建

在收集中国南瓜海南农家品种的基础上,本研究应用ISSR和SRAP标记技术对28份海南农家品种间的遗传特异性进行了分析,并构建指纹图谱,为中国南瓜海南农家品种鉴定、评价、保护和利用提供科学依据。结果表明,所供试的品种间存在显著的遗传特异性,具有特殊的遗传基础或背景,所筛选的6个ISSR引物和11对SRAP引物共产生了10个特异标记和11条唯一缺失带;应用ISSR引物组合UBC807/UBC814/UBC844/UBC868和UBC808/UBC814/UBC844/UBC868,以及SRAP引物组合Me1/Em2 Me1/Em10 Me2/Em3和Me1/Em1 Me1/Em10 Me8/Em3分别绘制了四张28份中国南瓜海南农家品种的DNA指纹图谱,所构建的DNA指纹图谱直观、简单。ISSR标记和SRAP标记技术可有效应用于中国南瓜海南农家品种DNA指纹图谱的构建和遗传特异性鉴定。     

云南及周边地区农作物野生近缘植物

"云南及周边地区生物资源调查"项目是国家科技部基础性工作专项,现已通过国家验收。云南及周边地区是低纬度高海拔地区,也是我国少数民族聚居区,农作物的种类和物种多样性及遗传多样性都十分丰富,并且孕育了丰富的农作物野生近缘植物。本文仅介绍云南及周边地区粮食作物、经济作物、蔬菜作物、果树作物的野生近缘植物,旨在为这些野生近缘植物的研究和开发,制定国家野生植物多样性保护政策提供基础数据和相关信息。     

Bulbophyllum wuzhishanensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Hainan, China

Bulbophyllum wuzhishanensis, a new species from Hainan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is probably related toBulbophyllum ledungense, but differs from it by having a long inflorescence, a column without stelids, and a longer lip.     

Serological detection of Sharka quarantine disease (Plum pox virus) on stone fruit trees in Golestan province

Sharka disease is one of the most damaging diseases of fruit trees in the world, which is caused by Plum pox virus (PPV) that belongs to the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. Each year, this virus decreases the yield and causes substantial economic damages to its host plants worldwide. This virus is quarantined in Iran but in recent years, suspicious symptoms of the disease were observed in different grown areas, such as Golestan province. During 2010, 420 samples with mosaic, chlorosis, necrosis, ring pattern, blotches, etc. symptoms were collected from the gardens in Golestan province that included 100 samples from plum, 100 from peach and 240 from nectarine. These samples were evaluated using a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA (DAS-ELISA) method and a polyclonal antibody. The results of this survey indicated that among the total of 420 samples, none of them showed positive reaction in DAS-ELISA test.     

台湾、海南与大陆鸟类的亲缘关系

本研究利用过去的文献,整理台湾、海南和大陆鸟类的亲缘关系。结果发现,海南有78%的鸟类与大陆相同,有40%的鸟类与台湾相同。依此数据,显示海南成为岛屿的时间比台湾晚,与大陆鸟类的亲缘关系也比台湾较为密切。然当孤立成为岛屿之后,栖于岛上的鸟类,乃各自发展为地方特色。台湾仍保有一些古北界的寒带鸟类,不见于海南。海南则有一些东洋界的热带鸟类,也没有分布到台湾。     

浮游植物群落对海南小水电建设的响应

为探讨浮游植物群落对海南省小水电建设的响应,分别在海南省主要河流的上游支流已建小水电的蓄水水域与河道、规划(未建)小水电河段采集浮游植物样品进行比较分析.共鉴定出浮游植物种类62个属178种,曲壳藻(Achnanthaceae)、异极藻(Gomphonema)、菱形藻(Nitzschia)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulat)、席藻(Phormidium)、颤藻(Oscillatoria)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、平裂藻(Merismopedia)、舟形藻(Navicula)为主要的优势藻类,浮游植物丰度在5.1-163.6×104个/L之间,浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在2.73-4.53之间.研究结果表明,小水电建设对浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、丰度及多样性均有较大的影响.就浮游植物优势种而言,规划小水电河道以蓝藻及部分硅藻为主要优势种,已建小水电河道曲壳藻、异极藻、菱形藻等大型硅藻为主要优势种.在浮游植物组成及生物多样性上,未建小水电河道浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数略高,且种属分布更加均衡,而已建设水电站均趋向某一类藻占主导优势种.就浮游植物丰度而言,规划小水电河道浮游植物丰度均保持在20-30×104个/L内,已建小水电河段浮游植物保持在5-160×104个/L内且浮游植物丰度差异性较规划小水电大,小水电建设促进了浮游植物丰度的提升,但降低了浮游植物群落结构的稳定性、均衡性.虽然存在水电站阻隔,同一河流水系浮游植物种属来源仍可表现一定的趋同性,梯级水电特别是相邻水电间浮游植物群落组成存在较大的相似性.     

Chinese plasma-derived products supply under the lot release management system in 2007–2011

In 2007, the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) implemented a management system for lot release of all plasma-derived products. Since then, there have been only a few systematic studies of the blood supply, which is a concern when considering the small amount of plasma collected per capita (approximately 3 L/1000 people). As a result, there may be a threat to the safety of the available blood supply. In this study, we examined the characteristics of the supply of Chinese plasma-derived products. We investigated the reports of lot-released biological products derived from all 8 national or regional regulatory authorities in China from 2007 to 2011. The market supply characteristics of Chinese plasma-derived products were analyzed by reviewing the changes in supply varieties, the batches of lot-released plasma-derived products and the actual supply. As a result, the national regulatory authorities can more accurately develop a specific understanding of the production and quality management information provided by Chinese plasma product manufacturers. The implementation of the lot release system further ensures the clinical validity of the plasma-derived products in China and improves the safety of using plasma-derived products. This work provides an assessment of the future Chinese market supply of plasma-derived products and can function as a theoretical basis for the establishment of hemovigilance.     

海南岛热带森林景观类型多样性

依据景观生态学原理,按地貌、气候、土壤、植被和土地利用方式的分异,以带、域、省、区、类型为5个基本单位及亚、组等为辅助单位,组建海南岛热带森林景观类型分类体系。把海南岛热带森林景观作为省级单位,它隶属于全球热带林景观带、亚洲（东方）热带林景观域、中国热带林景观亚域,其下划分为东部潮湿森林景观、西部半干旱森林景观、中南部山地森林景观、热带常绿针叶林景观、热带竹林景观和热带人工林景观6个森林景观区;以热带低地沟谷热带雨林为代表的11个森林景观亚区;以热带低地沟谷龙脑香森林景观为代表的26个森林景观类型组;以热带低地沟谷青皮林为代表的54个森林景观类型。海南岛热带森林景观类型分类体系较全面地表达了海南岛热带森林景观类型多样性。     

Diversity of tropical forest landscape types in Hainan Island, China

A novel landscape classification system was proposed in this study based on landscape ecological theory and the differentiation in climate, topography, soil, vegetation and land use mode. Five basic units (zone, tract, province, region and type) and two assistant units (sub and group) were used in this system. The tropical forest landscape in Hainan Island was regarded as a landscape province, belonging to global tropical forest landscape zone, Asiatic (oriental) tropical forest landscape tract and Chinese tropical forest landscape subtract. Based on the grade system of region, sub-region, type-group and type, this landscape province (Hainan Island) is divided into 6 landscape regions (east moist forest landscape, west semi-arid forest landscape, central-south mountainous forest landscape, tropical evergreen needle-leaved forest landscape, tropical bamboo landscape and tropical plantation landscape), 11 tropical forest landscape sub-regions represented by tropical lowland valley rain forest landscape, 26 tropical forest landscape-type groups represented by tropical lowland valley Dipterocarpaceae forest landscape, and 54 forest landscape types (FLT) represented by lowland valley Vatica mangachapoi forest. Generally, this classification system represents the landscape diversity of the tropical forest in Hainan Island. Further studies are needed to better understand the landscape diversity of Hainan Island.